Long Term Evolution

ABSTRACT

Long Term Evolution (LTE) describes the evolution of mobile technology that will deliver users benefit from faster data speeds and new services by creating a new radio access technology that is optimized for IP-based traffic and offers operators a simple upgrade path from 3G network. In addition to work on the development of LTE is the evolution of the core architecture of cellular networks, called the system architecture evolution (SAE).

Together, they will offer network operators with significantly improved performance of 3G, with a target of two to four times the spectral efficiency of 3G/HSPA network. This means the LTE network will be able to squeeze more bits of data in the same amount of spectrum for 3G and HSPA networks, translating into increased data speeds and / or increased capacity. LTE 4G will ensure competitiveness for the next 10 years and beyond, and provides high-level data systems, packet-optimized low-latency.

LTE will be used for mobile, fixed wireless broadband access and portable, and will offer a number of advantages for the operator, aims to increase capacity, reduce network complexity and thus lowers deployment and operational costs. This will enable operators to meet the growing demand for mobile data solutions, allowing for richer services to be delivered to consumers more cost effective.

INTRODUCTION

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a major advance in cellular technology. LTE is designed to meet the needs of high-speed data and media transport and high capacity voice support well into the next decade. It includes high-speed data, multimedia unicast and broadcast multimedia services.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a new name of the service that has a high capability in mobile communication systems (mobile). Is a step towards the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to enhance the capacity and speed of the mobile telephone network. Where the previous generation known as 3G (for "third generation"), marketed as 4G LTE.

According to IMT Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), LTE does not fully comply with the requirements of 4G. Most of the service provider in the United States and several operators around the world announced plans to transform their networks to LTE starting in 2009. The world's first LTE service was opened by TeliaSonera in two Scandinavian cities of Stockholm and Oslo on December 14, 2009. LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) which was introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8. Many of the 3GPP Release 8 adopts 4G technology, including all IP network architecture.

Although usually viewed as a cellular phone or a conductor, LTE is also supported by public safety agencies in the United States.700 MHz radio band as the technology of choice for public safety.
LTE is designed to meet the following objectives:

1. Support scalable bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 MHz

2. The peak data rate scales with the system bandwidth

a. Downlink (2 Ch MIMO) peak rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz channel

b. Uplink (single Ch Tx) peak level of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz channel

3. Supported antenna configurations

a. Downlink: 4x2, 2x2, 1X2, 1x1

b. Uplink: 1X2, 1x1

4. Spectrum efficiency

a. Downlink: 3-4 x HSDPA Rel. 6 6

b. Uplink: 2 to 3 x HSUPA Rel. 6 6

5. Latency

a. C-plane: <5-10 msec to establish U-plane

b. U-plane: <10 msec from UE to server

6. Mobility

A. Optimized for low speed (<15 km / h)

B. high performance with speeds up to 120 km/h

C. Maintain links at speeds up to 350 km / h

7. Coverage

a. The full performance up to 5 km

b. Little degradation of 5 km - 30 km

c. Operation up to 100 km with a standard should not preclude

A. Review
             LTE provides a level of capacity at least 100 Mbps downlink and uplink at least 50 Mbps and uploads to assess the level of every 20 MHz spectrum. This support is intended for a higher price, to 326.4 Mbps on the downlink, using multiple antenna configurations. To allow the use of both frequency bands new and existing, LTE provides a bandwidth of 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz in both the downlink and uplink. LTE is optimized for low speed (0-15 km / h) but will still provide high performance up to 120 km / h with support for mobility maintained up to 350 km / hour. 3GPP are considering support for higher speeds up to 500 km/h

LTE standard is part of System Architecture Evolution, an IP-based network architecture that is designed to replace the GPRS Core Network and ensure support for mobility among some non-3GPP systems, such as GPRS and WiMax.
The main advantages with LTE are high throughput, low latency, plug and play, FDD and TDD on the same platform, increasing end-user experience and simple architecture resulting in low operating costs. LTE will also support the cell tower with older networking technologies such as GSM, cdmaOne, W-CDMA (UMTS) and CDMA2000.

B. 4G standard

Many of the standards as a requirement to upgrade the 3G UMTS to 4G mobile communications technology, which is basically a mobile broadband system with the increase of multimedia services.
As for her standards:

• The peak download rate 326.4 Mbit / s for 4x4 antennas, and 172.8 Mbit / s for 2x2 antennas (using 20 MHz of spectrum).

• Peak upload rates 86.4 Mbit / s for every 20 MHz of spectrum using a single antenna.

• Five different terminal classes have been determined from a voice centric class up to the high end of the terminal that supports peak data rates. All terminals will be able to process 20 MHz of bandwidth.

• At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. (Specifically, 200 data on the client)

• Sub-5 ms latency for small IP packets

• Increase the flexibility of the spectrum, with spectrum slices as small as 1.5 MHz are supported and at 20 MHz (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is the number of common spectrum allocation, and often been used with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) Limiting the size to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset

• In the 900 MHz frequency band to be used in rural areas, supporting optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance. In cities and urban areas, higher frequencies (such as 2.6 GHz in the EU) are used to support high-speed mobile broadband. In this case, perhaps the size of cell 1 km or even less.

• Support for good mobility. High performance mobile data is possible at speeds up to 120 km / h, and basic services is possible at speeds up to 350 km / h

• Can be run with the previous standards (users can transparently start a call or data transfer within a region using the LTE standard, and, should coverage is not available, continue the operation without any action from them using GSM / GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS or even a network 3GPP2 such as cdmaOne or CDMA2000)

• Support for MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network). This feature can provide services such as Mobile TV using LTE infrastructure, and is a competitor to DVB-H based broadcast TV.

• PU2RC as a practical solution for the MU-MIMO. A detailed procedure for the general operation of MU-MIMO handed over to the next release, for example, LTE-Advanced, where further discussion will be held.
Some standards are intended to simplify the system architecture, while in transit from UMTS circuit + packet switching combined network, to the system all-IP flat architecture.
Long Term Evolution (LTE)-offers a superior user experience and simplified technology for next generation mobile broadband

C. Executive Summary

Mobile broadband a reality, as the Internet generation grows accustomed to having broadband access wherever they go, and not only at home or at work. an estimated 1.8 billion people will have broadband by 2012, about two-thirds will be consumers HSPA mobile broadband - and the majority will be served by HSPA (High Speed ​​Packet Access) and LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks.

People can already browse the Internet or send e-mails using HSPA-enabled notebooks, replace their fixed DSL modems with HSPA modems or USB dongles, and send and receive video or music using 3G phones. With LTE, users will experience even better. This will further enhance more demanding applications like interactive TV, mobile games advanced or professional services.

D. Meet the requirements of the operator

Operators doing business in an increasingly competitive environment, competing not only with other operators, but also with new players and new business models. However, new business also means new opportunities, and the service provider has the advantage can offer competitive delivery of mobile broadband services are built. Existing investments in 2G and 3G networks. This is why operators are so active in formulating strategies and driving requirements. Through standardization bodies for mobile broadband. Some of the world's leading operators, vendors and research institutes have joined the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Ltd., NGMN working alongside existing standards bodies and has set clear performance targets, fundamental recommendations and deployment scenarios for future wide area mobile broadband network . NGMNs necessity for technology evolution beyond 3G vision include:

1. Reuse of existing assets, including spectrum

2. Competitiveness is based on an overall customer proposition (support for a fee
efficient end-to-end low latency and cost-efficient "Always-on") at the time of introduction and future rival technologies whilst the unique added value by supporting cost-efficient. Quality of Service, mobility, and roaming.

3. No impact on current HSPA roadmap.

4. A new IPR regime to support the license in a way, which leads to much greater transparency and predictability of the total cost of IPR for operators, infrastructure providers, providers, and device manufacturers. Although not defined by NGMN, LTE meets NGMN's requirements.

E. LTE benefits for consumers and operators

o    Performance and capacity - One of the requirements of LTE is to provide downlink peak rates at least 100Mbit / s. This technology allows for speeds of more than
200Mbit / s. In addition, RAN (Radio Access Network) round-trip times shall be not less than 10 ms. Consequently, this means that LTE - more than any other technology already meets key 4G requirements.

o    Simplicity - First, LTE supports flexible carrier bandwidth from 5MHz to 20MHz below. LTE also supports FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time
Division Duplex). Ten pairs and four unpaired spectrum bands have so far been identified by 3GPP for LTE. And there's the band's more to come. This means that
operator may introduce LTE in 'new' bands where the easiest to deploy 10MHz or 20MHz carriers, and eventually deploy LTE in all waves. Second, LTE radio network products will have a number of features that simplify the development and management of network generation. For example, features such as plug - play and, self-
configuration and self optimization will simplify and reduce the cost of network roll-and management. Third, LTE will be deployed in parallel with simplified, IP-based core and transport network that is easier to build, maintain and introduce services.

o    Wide range of terminals - in addition to mobile phones, computers and many consumer electronic devices, such as notebooks, ultra-portables, gaming devices and cameras, will incorporate LTE embedded modules. Since LTE supports hand over and roaming to existing mobile networks, all of these devices can have ubiquitous mobile broadband coverage from day one.

In short, the operator can introduce LTE flexibly to match the existing network, spectrum and business objectives for mobile broadband and multimedia services.

F. Cost efficiency

There is a strong and broad support from mobile industry for LTE, and many operators and research institutions participating in the standardization. This is a good foundation for the creation of a healthy ecosystem.

One of the key success factors for any technology is the economy of scale. Volume gains are beneficial for both handsets and infrastructure equipment. It drives down manufacturing costs and allow operators to provide cost-efficient services to their customers. It's also one of the main reasons a green field operators will benefit from LTE.

LTE deployment will vary from country to country, in accordance with regulatory requirements. The first devices will be multimode-based, which means that wide-area coverage, mobility and service continuity can be provided from day one. There is a legacy cellular networks can be used as a fall-back in areas where LTE has not been used.

It is important that the deployment of LTE infrastructure is a simple and cost efficient as possible. For example, it may be to upgrade the existing radio base stations for LTE using plug-in units, so that they become both dual mode and dual band.

Stand-alone base stations for LTE will also be easier to deploy than today's products. Network roll-out and operation & management can be simplified with plug - play and self-optimizing features - reducing both CAPEX and OPEX for operators.

G. Market Impact

Enthusiasm for LTE has grown rapidly as 3GPP's aggressive development plans close to the results. In November 2007 reports Juniper Research (www.juniperresearch.com) predicts that the number of LTE subscribers will be greater than 24 million in 2012, just two years after the launch of commercial LTE's. In October 2009 release from Infonetics Research (www.infonetics.com) puts the number of commercial LTE launches scheduled for 2010 at the age of 14, with the first major deployment began last by NTT DoCoMo in Japan and Verizon Wireless in the U.S. infrastructure market is expected to top $ 5billion and the number of LTE subscribers exceed 72 million by 2013. Analyst firm Visiongain (www.visiongain.com) expects the combined total of LTE and HSPA subscribers to exceed 250 million by 2015.

Although initially estimated that more than half of LTE subscribers will be in Western Europe, in late November 2007 Verizon - one of the largest service providers in the U.S. - announced its intention to develop and deploy LTE as the fourth generation (4G) broadband network. The company sees LTE as the technology that can be brought together in these last of different wireless formats on the same platform, access to a global scale. Verizon also intends to bridge the wireline / wireless gap by integrating LTE with fiber optic-based FiOS lead platform. 4 If the goal is reached such other acts and providers, LTE may emerge as the main technology for broadband convergence.

As a so-called 3.9G or 4G technology, LTE will be looking for market share in areas that are likely to also include HSPA +, which is an evolved version of 3GPP HSPA; 3GPP EDGE Evolution, and Mobile WiMAX. From this technology, Mobile WiMAX has the most often cited as the main rival of LTE.However, LTE continues to gain momentum, even though WiMAX has the advantage of a head start in developing, testing, and deployment. Whatever the format eventually dominate the market, LTE is expected to become a major force.

CONCLUSION

The need for high speed internet service is not undeniable.Indonesian society in the year 2009 alone broadband Internet users increased by more than 60%. This means that the broadband Internet market in Indonesia is very promising.Unfortunately, this market is not well explored by the provider of services and networks.Tentunya nothing else than the readiness of service providers and internet networks to provide better service.

One country that is quite vigorous in the provision of broadband Internet is Sweden. The country recently (December 2009) deploying the service LTE (Long Term Evolution) via the operator TeliaSonera. Indonesia markets itself is already very ready for LTE technology, given the large market demand for the Internet network. Unfortunately there are no positive signs from major carriers such as Axiata XL, Telkomsel, Indosat, or AXIS to roll out this service.

LTE is well positioned to meet the requirements of next-generation mobile networks, both for existing 3GPP/3GPP2 operators and''greenfielders. This will allow operators to offer high-performance, mass-market mobile broadband services, through a combination of high-bit rate and system throughput - both in the uplink and downlink - with low latency.LTE will be available not only in next-generation mobile phones, but also innotebooks, ultra portables, cameras, camcorders, Fixed Wireless Terminals and other devices that benefit from mobile broadband.

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